UVLED sterilization is through UVLED irradiation, using appropriate wavelength of UVLED can destroy the molecular structure of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid) in microbial cells, resulting in growth cell death and (or) regenerative cell death, so as to achieve the effect of sterilization and disinfection. Generally, the effective wavelength range of traditional UVLED sterilization can be divided into four different bands: UVA (400315nm), UVB (315280nm), UVC (280200nm) and vacuum UVLED (200loonm). Because C-band UVLED is easy to be absorbed by the DNA of organism, especially the UVLED of 253.7nm is the best. UVLED is a kind of pure light source. The light emitted by UV LED germicidal lamp can be absorbed by organisms to achieve the best sterilization effect.

UVLED can kill microorganisms by radiation damage and destroy the function of nucleic acid, so as to achieve the purpose of disinfection. The effect of UVLED on nucleic acid can lead to the breaking of bonds and chains, crosslinking between strands and the formation of photochemical products, which changes the biological activity of DNA and makes the microorganism unable to replicate itself. This kind of UVLED damage is also lethal.